What is diverticulitis, Marcos’ current illness?

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has recently been diagnosed with diverticulitis, which has been cited as the cause of his recent medical issues that temporarily affected some of his presidential duties.

Malacañang earlier clarified that the condition is not life-threatening, noting there was no need for a formal medical bulletin.

So, what exactly is diverticulitis, and how does it affect patients?

Diverticulitis

According to Ohio State University’s Wexner Medical Center, diverticulitis results from inflammation caused by bacteria accumulating in the wall of the colon and in small pouches called diverticula.

It is among the most common gastrointestinal disorders seen in both inpatients and outpatients.

“It can be a serious and potentially dangerous condition. In severe cases, diverticulitis can lead to bleeding, tears, or blockages. Although diverticular bleeding is relatively rare, it does not stop on its own and requires immediate treatment,” OSU said.

Diverticulitis occurs when diverticula—small, marble-sized pouches that develop in weak areas of the colon wall—become inflamed or infected.

A 2019 study noted that roughly 20% of patients with diverticulitis experience a recurrence at least once. Genetic factors, diet, and lifestyle are among the common risk factors.

Symptoms

Diverticulitis may manifest through:

• Abdominal pain, usually on the left side
• Fever
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Chills
• Cramping
• Constipation

Complications occur in about 12% of patients. The most common is a phlegmon or abscess (approximately 70% of complicated cases), followed by peritonitis, obstruction, and fistula formation.

Mortality is higher in complicated cases, especially among patients with perforation or abscess, compared to those with uncomplicated diverticulitis.

Diagnosis often involves a physical exam, blood tests, CT scan, colonoscopy, or a lower gastrointestinal (GI) X-ray series.

“If diverticular bleeding is suspected, it can be diagnosed with a colonoscopy, CT scan, or angiogram,” OSU said.

Treatment

Treatment depends on severity, according to OSU.

Mild cases without complications: Rest, oral antibiotics, and a liquid diet are usually sufficient. Solid foods can be gradually reintroduced after several days.

Severe cases with complications or acute pain: Hospitalization may be required for intravenous antibiotics and temporary fasting.

The 2019 study noted: “Diverticulitis was once thought to be a progressive disease, with an increasing risk of complications after multiple episodes. However, complications, except for fistula formation, are more likely during the first episode than in subsequent episodes.”

A follow-up colonoscopy is typically recommended 4 to 8 weeks after recovery to check for lingering issues.—MCG, GMA Integrated News