EXPLAINER: Why many European homes lack air conditioning despite intense heatwaves

More than 200 people died in Spain over four days, from June 21 to 24, 2026, as an intense heatwave swept across Europe.

In France, at least 55 people reportedly drowned over a 10-day period as they sought relief from the heat in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and quarries.

Several countries also recorded unusually high temperatures. The eastern part of Germany logged three consecutive days of record-breaking heat, while the Czech Republic and Poland also experienced temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius.

A key driver of this intense heatwave is a weather pattern known as the Omega Block.

A jet stream—a fast-moving ribbon of air high in the atmosphere—causes variations in temperature and weather in different parts of the world. However, when a strong high-pressure system becomes trapped between two low-pressure systems, the jet stream bends into the shape of the Greek letter omega (Ω).

The Omega Block can create a heat dome, trapping hot air over the same area for days.

Climate change further amplifies these extreme conditions.

With heatwaves becoming more frequent, why do only about 20% of homes in Europe have air conditioning?

The continent has historically had a cooler climate, so prolonged periods of extreme heat were relatively uncommon.

As a result, many homes were built to retain heat during the winter rather than release it during the summer.

Their older designs also make it difficult to install air conditioning systems. Electricity is also relatively expensive in Europe, making the added cost of running air conditioning unaffordable for many households.

Environmental policies also play a role. The European Union aims to become climate-neutral by 2050, and widespread adoption of air conditioning could increase electricity demand and greenhouse gas emissions.

Still, the International Energy Agency projects that demand for air conditioners in Europe could rise to 275 million units by 2050 as heatwaves become more frequent and severe. —Vince Angelo Ferreras, with research from GMA DigiLab/VBL, GMA News